Oracle8 Installation Guide for LINUX
Release 8.0.5

A66251-01

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Basic LINUX for Installing Oracle8

ÀÌ ºÎ·ÏÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ±¸¼ºµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù:

Essential LINUX Concepts

Case Sensitivity

LINUX´Â ´ë¼Ò¹®ÀÚ¸¦ ±¸º°ÇÏ¸ç ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ LINUX ¸í·É¾î´Â ¼Ò¹®ÀÚ·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁ® ÀÖ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¸é, LINUX¿¡¼­ Email.Log¿Í email.log´Â ´Ù¸¥ ÆÄÀÏÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î, ÆÄÀϰú µð·ºÅ丮ÀÇ À̸§À» Àû°í Á¢±ÙÇÒ ¶§ ÁÖÀÇÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

Executable Scripts

½ÇÇà°¡´ÉÇÑ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇϱâ À§Çؼ­´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÀÔ·ÂÇ϶ó:

./script_name

¿¹¸¦ µé¸é, root.sh script¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇϱâ À§Çؼ­´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¸í·É¾î¸¦ ÁØ´Ù:

./root.sh

Wildcard Characters

LINUX´Â ¿©·¯°³ÀÇ ÆÄÀÏÀ̸§°ú ÆÄÀÏ Çü½ÄÀ» ¸í½ÃÇϱâ À§ÇØ, wildcard¶ó°í ÇÏ´Â ¸î°¡Áö Ư¼ö¹®ÀÚ¸¦ Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù. `*' wildcard ¹®ÀÚ´Â, ¾î¶² ¹®ÀÚ°¡ ¸îÀÚ°¡ ¿ÀµçÁö »ó°ü¾øÀ½À» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¸é .ora¶ó´Â È®ÀåÀÚ¸¦ °¡Áø ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¸ðµÎ º¸±æ ¿øÇÑ´Ù¸é ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÀÔ·ÂÇ϶ó:

$ ls *.ora

À̰ÍÀº ¿¹¸¦µé¸é, init.ora, oapref.ora ±×¸®°í tnsnames.ora µîÀÇ ÆÄÀÏÀ» Ãâ·ÂÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù.

$ rm *

ÇöÀç µð·ºÅ丮¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç ÆÄÀÏÀ» Áö¿î´Ù.

Symbols

Slash

`/' slash ¹®ÀÚ´Â ¸®´ª½º¿¡¼­ µÎ°¡Áö Àǹ̸¦ °¡Áø´Ù. `/' ÀÚü´Â ¶Ç´Â °æ·Î¸íÀÇ Ã¹±ÛÀÚ·Î »ç¿ëµÇ¸é root directory¸¦ ÀǹÌÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. Slashes´Â ¶ÇÇÑ ±ä°æ·Î¸íÀ» µð·ºÅ丮¸¦ ºÐ¸®ÇÒ ¶§ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.

Dollar Sign

`$' dollar signÀº ¸®´ª½º¿¡¼­ µÎ°¡Áö Àǹ̷Π»ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.

`$' dollar signÀº ȯ°æº¯¼ö¿Í »ç¿ëµÇ¾î º¯¼öÀÇ 'º¯¼öÀÇ °ª(the value of)'À̶ó´Â Àǹ̸¦ °¡Áö°Ô µÈ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¸é, ¸¸¾à ¿©·¯ºÐµéÀÌ ORACLE_SID¶ó´Â º¯¼ö¸¦ ¼³Á¤Çϰí À̸¦ º¸±æ ¿øÇÑ´Ù¸é echo $ORACLE_SID¶ó°í ÀÔ·ÂÇ϶ó. ±×·³ ¿î¿µÃ¼°è´Â ±× °ª (`test')¸¦ µ¹·ÁÁÖ°Ô µÈ´Ù.

For example:

$ echo $ORACLE_SID
test

¸¸¾à dollar sign ¾øÀÌ echo ORACLE_SID ¶ó°í ÀÔ·ÂÇϸé, ¿î¿µÃ¼°è´Â ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ORACLE_SID ¶ó°í¸¸ µ¹·ÁÁØ´Ù.

For example:

$ echo ORACLE_SID
ORACLE_SID

Dollar signÀº ¾ÕÀÇ ¿¹¿¡¼­ ó·³ Bourne shell°ú Korn shellÀÇ ÇÁ¶÷ÇÁÆ®·Î¼­ ÀÚÁÖ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.

Overview of Basic LINUX Commands

ÁÖ¾îÁø chapter¿¡¼­ »ç¿ëµÈ ±âº»ÀûÀÎ LINUX ¸í·É¾î´Â ¿©·¯ºÐµéÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÒ ¶§¿¡¸¸ ¾Æ·¡ ³ªÅ¸³¯ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

Basic LINUX Commands for Chapter 2, Setting the Environment

Server Manager

Server Manager ´Â Standard Query Language (SQL) ¸í·É¾î¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇϱâ À§Çؼ­ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ´Ù.

Çà¸ðµå(line mode)¿¡¼­ Server Manager¸¦ ½ÃÀÛÇϱâ À§Çؼ­ ´ÙÀ½À» ÀÔ·ÂÇ϶ó:

$ srvmgrl

Logging in as the Root User

Root user´Â »ç¿ëÀÚ¸¦ Ãß°¡ÇÑ´ÙµçÁö, ´Ù¸¥ »ç¿ëÀÚ¿¡°Ô ¼ÓÇÑ ÆÄÀÏÀÇ permissionÀ» ¹Ù²Û´ÙµçÁö ÇÏ´Â µîÀÇ, ´Ù¸¥ »ç¿ëÀÚ¿¡°Ô´Â Çã¿ëµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â ½Ã½ºÅÛ ±â´ÉÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï Çã¿ëÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ root user´Â superuser¶ó°íµµ ºÒ¸°´Ù.

rootÀÇ Á¢±ÙÀº Ư±ÇÀ» °¡Áö±â ¶§¹®¿¡ (ÀáÀçÀûÀ¸·Î »ó´çÈ÷ À§ÇèÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù), ½Ã½ºÅÛ °ü¸®ÀÚ¿¡´Â Á¢±ÙÀ» Á¦ÇÑÇÑ´Ù. root Á¢±ÙÀ» Çϱâ À§Çؼ­´Â ½Ã½ºÅÛ °ü¸®ÀÚ¿Í Á¢ÃËÇ϶ó.

dba and oper groups

»ç¿ëÀÚ¿¡°Ô µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º °ü¸® ±â´ÉÀ» Á¦ÇÑÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿©, dba¿Í oper groupsÀ» /etc/group file³»¿¡ Ãß°¡Çϱâ À§ÇÏ¿©, ¿î¿µÃ¼°èÀÇ À¯Æ¿¸®Æ¼ÀÎ groupadd¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ´Ù. À̵é groupÀº ¿î¿µÃ¼°è¸¦ ±â¹ÝÀ¸·Î ÇÑ Oracle DBA¿Í OPER ±ÇÇÑÀ» °¡Áö°Ô µÈ´Ù. ¿À¶óŬ ¹®¼­¿¡¼­´Â ÀÌµé ±×·ìµéÀ» OSDBA¿Í OSOPER·Î ¸í½ÃÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù.

groupadd

´ÙÀ½Àº groupadd ¸í·É¾î¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© group ID (GID) 101À» °¡Áö´Â dba group À» »ý¼ºÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» º¸¿©ÁÖ°í ÀÖ´Ù:

$ groupadd -g 101 dba

umask

umask ¸í·É¾î´Â »ý¼ºµÇ´Â ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±âº»ÀûÀÎ Á¢±Ù ±ÇÇÑÀ» ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù. 022 ·Î ¼³Á¤ÇÏ¸é ¿©·¯ºÐµéÀÇ ±×·ì°ú ´Ù¸¥ »ç¿ëÀڵ鿡°Ô Àбâ (±×¸®°í µð·ºÅ丮 ã±â) Çã¿ëÀ» ÇÏÁö¸¸, ¾²±â Çã¿ëÀº ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.

umask °ªÀ» 022·Î ¼³Á¤Çϱâ À§ÇÏ¿©, oracle °èÁ¤ÀÇ .profile ¶Ç´Â .login file¿¡ ´ÙÀ½ ÁÙÀ» Ãß°¡Ç϶ó.

Bourne ¶Ç´Â Korn shells ¿¡¼­´Â, .profile¿¡ ´ÙÀ½À» Ãß°¡Ç϶ó:

umask 022

C shell¿¡¼­´Â, .login¿¡ ´ÙÀ½À» Ãß°¡Ç϶ó:

umask 022

Environment Variables

¸ðµç LINUX shell ¿¡´Â shell ¶Ç´Â ȯ°æº¯¼ö¶ó°í ¾Ë·ÁÁø °ÍÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. À̵éÀº ¿©·¯ºÐµéÀÌ Á¤ÀÇÇÑ °ªÀ» °¡Áø´Ù. ÀÌµé º¯¼öµéÀº ¿©·¯ºÐµéÀÇ Æí¸®¸¦ À§Çؼ­ ¸¸µé¾î Áø´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¸é, »ç¿ëÇÒ ÇÁ¸°ÅÍ, ÆÄÀÏ ÆÛ¹Ì¼Ç ¼³Á¤, ±×¸®°í ¿©·¯ºÐµéÀÇ ¸ð´ÏÅÍ¿¡ Ãâ·ÂµÉ Ä®¶óµé µîÀÇ ¼³Á¤À» À§ÇØ »ç¿ëµÇ¾î Áø´Ù.

¿À¶óŬ ¼­¹ö¸¦ À§ÇÑ È¯°æº¯¼ö´Â oracle °èÁ¤¿¡ ÀÖ´Â .login ÆÄÀÏÀ̳ª .profile ³»¿¡ ¼³Á¤µÇ¾î Áø´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐµéÀÌ ·Î±×ÀÎ ÇÒ¶§ ÀÐÇô Áö´Â ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ¼³Á¤ÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù.

Bourne shell¿¡¼­ ȯ°æº¯¼ö¸¦ ¼³Á¤Çϱâ À§Çؼ­, ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ¹®¹ýÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇ϶ó: variable_name=value; export variable_name

¿¹¸¦ µé¸é:

ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/805; export ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_SID=test; export ORACLE_SID
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH

C shell¿¡¼­ ȯ°æº¯¼ö¸¦ ¼³Á¤Çϱâ À§Çؼ­ ´ÙÀ½ ¹®¹ýÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇ϶ó:

setenv variable_name value

For example:

setenv ORACLE_HOME /u01/app/oracle/product/805
setenv ORACLE_SID test
setenv LD_LIBRARY_PATH $ORACLE_HOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

chmod

chmod ¸í·É¾î´Â ÆÄÀÏÀÇ read (Àбâ), write (¾²±â) ±×¸®°í execute (½ÇÇàÇϱâ) (rÀº Àбâ, w´Â ¾²±â, ±×¸®°í x´Â ½ÇÇàÇϱâ) permissionsÀ» ¹Ù²Ü ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ¼ÒÀ¯ÀÚ (¶Ç´Â root user¸¸¿¡ ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ¸ðµå¸¦ ¹Ù²Ü ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. PermissionÀº user (ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ¼ÒÀ¯ÀÚ), ¸®´ª½ºÀÇ group ±×¸®°í ASS="Bold">other users ¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ¼³Á¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù (u´Â ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ¼ÒÀ¯ÀÚ, g´Â ±×·ì, o´Â ´Ù¸¥ »ç¿ëÀÚ).

¿¹¸¦ µé¸é, ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ user, group members ±×¸®°í others (world), ¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© read, write, ±×¸®°í execute permissionsÀ» ÁÙ·Á¸é ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÀÔ·ÂÇ϶ó:

$ chmod ugo+rwx filename

Updating the Environment

.profile ¶Ç´Â .login ³»¿¡ Àִ ȯ°æº¯¼öÀÇ °ªÀ» ¹Ù²Û ÈÄ¿¡´Â, .profile ¶Ç´Â .login fileÀ» ½ÇÇàÇÏ¿© È¿·ÂÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³ªµµ·Ï ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

For the Bourne or Korn Shell:

$ . .profile

For the C shell:

% source .cshrc
Verifying LINUX Groups

OSDBA group ÀÌ /etc/group file¿¡ Æ÷ÇԵǾî ÀÖ´ÂÁö, ´ÙÀ½ ¸í·ÉÀ¸·Î È®ÀÎÇØ º¸¶ó:

$ more /etc/group   

OSDBA group ÀÌ ÀÖ´ÀÁö È®ÀÎÇ϶ó (¿¹¸¦ µé¸é, dba ¶ó´Â À̸§ÀÇ).

Creating oracle Accounts

oracle °èÁ¤À» »ý¼ºÇ϶ó. ´ÙÀ½À» È®ÀÎÇ϶ó:

'Chapter 3, Installation Tasks'À» À§ÇÑ ±âº»ÀûÀÎ ¸®´ª½º ¸í·É¾î

Installer¸¦ ½ÃÀÛÇ϶ó

´ÙÀ½ ¸í·É¾î¸¦ ÀÔ·ÂÇÏ¿© Installer¸¦ ½ÃÀÛÇ϶ó:

./orainst /c

'Chapter 4, Configuring the Oracle8 System'À» À§ÇÑ ±âº»ÀûÀÎ ¸®´ª½º ¸í·É¾î

root.sh Script¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇ϶ó

root.sh script¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÀÔ·ÂÇ϶ó:

# cd $ORACLE_HOME/orainst
# ./root.sh

Oracle8À» ÀνºÅçÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ±âº»ÀûÀÎ ¸®´ª½º ¸í·É¾î
Table B-1 ±âº»ÀûÀÎ ¸®´ª½º ¸í·É¾î
»ç¿ëÀÚ ¸í·É¾î   ±â¼ú  

cat

 

concatenate °ú display

 

cd

 

ÀÛ¾÷ µð·ºÅ丮¸¦ º¯°æ

 

chgrp

 

ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ¼ÒÀ¯ ±×·ìÀ» º¯°æ

 

chmod

 

ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ÆÛ¹Ì¼Ç ¸ðµå¸¦ º¯°æ

 

chown

 

¼ÒÀ¯ÀÚ¸¦ º¯°æ

 

cp

 

ÆÄÀÏ º¹»ç

 

echo

 

Ç¥ÁØ ¿É¼ÇÀ¸·Î ÀÎÀÚ¸¦ Ãâ·Â

 

env

 

¸í·É¾î ½ÇÇàÀ» À§ÇÑ È¯°æº¯¼ö¸¦ º¯°æÇÏ´øÁö ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

 

find

 

ÆÄÀÏÀ» À̸§ ¶Ç´Â ´Ù¸¥ Ư¼ºÀ¸·Î ãÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

 

grep

 

¹®ÀÚ¿­À̳ª Á¤±Ô½ÄÀ¸·Î ÆÄÀÏÀ» ãÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

 

groupadd

 

»ç¿ëÀÚ ±×·ìÀ» »ý¼ºÇÑ´Ù.

 

kill

 

ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º¿¡°Ô ½Ã±×³ÎÀ» º¸³½µçÁö, ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º¸¦ Á¾·á ½ÃŲ´Ù.

 

ls

 

µð·ºÅ丮ÀÇ ³»¿ëÀ» µð½ºÇ÷¹ÀÌÇÑ´Ù.

 

man

 

LINUX Âü°í ¸ÇÆäÀÌÁö¸¦ º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù; ÂüÁ¶¸Þ´º¾óÀ» Ű¿öµå·Î¼­ ã´Â´Ù.

 

mkdir

 

µð·ºÅ丮¸¦ ¸¸µç´Ù

 

more

 

ÅØ½ºÆ® ÆÄÀÏÀ» ÆäÀÌÁö ´ÜÀ§·Î Ãâ·ÂÇÑ´Ù.

 

mv

 

ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¿Å±â´øÁö À̸§À» º¯°æÇÑ´Ù

 

passwd

 

·ÎÄà ¶Ç´Â NIS(Network information system)ÀÇ ¾ÏÈ£¸¦ º¯°æÇÑ´Ù.

 

ps

 

ÇöÀç ÇÁ·Î¼¼½ºµéÀÇ »óŸ¦ Ãâ·ÂÇÑ´Ù.

 

pwd

 

ÇöÀç ÀÛ¾÷µð·ºÅ丮ÀÇ °æ·Î¸íÀ» º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù

 

rlogin

 

´Ù¸¥ ¸Ó½ÅÀ¸·Î ·Î±×ÀÎÇÑ´Ù.

 

rm

 

ÆÄÀÏÀ̳ª µð·ºÅ丮¸¦ ¾ø¾Ø´Ù(unlink)

 

rmdir

 

µð·ºÅ丮¸¦ ¾ø¾Ø´Ù (unlink)

 

set

 

¸ðµç shell º¯¼öÀÇ °ªÀ» ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù

 

setenv

 

ȯ°æº¯¼ö¸¦ ¼³Á¤

 

umask

 

±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î view file·Î ÁÖ¾îÁø permissionÀ» º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù

 

uname

 

ÇöÀç ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ À̸§À» º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù

 

±âº»ÀûÀÎ ¸®´ª½º ¹®¹ý°ú ¼³¸í

cat filename

Displays contents of filename to screen. Use the cat command to concatenate and display files containing text that LINUX can display on your screen.

Examples:

Use cat filename to display contents of filename to the screen.

Use cat filename1 > filename2 to overwrite contents of filename2 with filename1.

Use cat filename1>> filename2 to append contents of filename1 to filename2.

cd

Changes the current working directory.

Examples:

To change to your own home directory, enter:

cd

To change to the previous higher directory, enter:

cd ..

To change to the specified directory, enter:

cd /usr

chgrp group_name filename

Changes the group that has access to a file or directory.

Example:

Use chgrp dba tools.dbf to make the dba group the owner of the file tools.dbf.

chmod level + perm filename

Changes read, write, execute permissions on filename for user/owner, group and others.

Examples:

Use the chmod ugo+rwx filename syntax to give user (file owner), group members and others, read, write and execute permissions to a file.

Use the chmod go-r filename syntax to prevent group members and others from reading the file.

chown username filename

Changes the owner of filename to the given user (Oracle).

Example:

chown user  /temp/foo

cp filename1 filename2

Copy filename1 to filename2. This creates filename2, if it does not already exist.

Example:

cp filename1 filename2

cp -i * directory_name

Copies all files in current directory to the given directory_name. If `-i' is used you are prompted to verify whether or not any files of the same name should really be overwritten in the target directory.

echo $variable_name

Displays the value you have set for a given variable. For example, to see what your current search path is, enter:

For the Bourne or Korn shell:

$ echo $LD_LIBRARY_PATH

find . -name 'string*' -print

Searches the current directory and all subdirectories for any files starting with the value string. If found, the full file names are printed to the screen.

grep string filename

Searches the specified file for a particular string.

Example:

To find out if jwilson is a valid username listed in the password file, enter:

grep jwilson /etc/passwd 

kill process_number

Terminates a selected process, identified by the process_number. First use the ps command to list the numbers of running processes.

Example:

kill 1351

If the normal kill command does not work, use:

kill  -9 process_number

but be sure you have the correct process, as this is a forced termination.

ls

Displays the names of the files in the current directory. When ls is used with the -a option, `dot' files, .login for example, are listed. When ls is used with the -l option, a long list consisting of userID, file size, date the file was created, and the name of the file is shown.

ls -al directory

Displays the files in the specified directory.

man command_name

Displays online manual pages for command_name.

Use the man who syntax to find out how to use the LINUX who command.

mkdir directory

Creates a new directory under the current directory.

Example:

 mkdir letters

mv filename directory

Use this command to move a file from one location to another, or to rename a file and erase the original file.

Example:

Use mv filename /usr/opt/ to delete filename from the current directory and make a new filename in the /usr/opt/ directory.

passwd

Allows you to change your login password.

ps

Lists the current processes that are executing.

pwd

Displays the current directory in which you are working.

rlogin host_name

Allows you to connect and work on a different machine on your network.

Example:

rlogin hostb

rm filename

Deletes filename from the disk without verifying whether or not this is something you really want to do.

Example:

rm filename

rm -i filename

Deletes filename after verifying that you want to erase the file.

Example:

rm -i oldletter

rmdir directory

Deletes a directory only if it is empty

Example:

rmdir directory
rmdir: Directory not empty

rm -rf directory

Deletes a directory and all the files it contains, and any subdirectories without asking for verification.

Example:

rm -rf directory

su

Switches you to root user after a password prompt.




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